Driver operator manual chapter 3 fireground hydraulics tn. We lay out the friction loss that occurs in a fire hose due to the hose diameter gpm flow and length of the hose. L fl friction loss in psi q flow rate in hundreds of gpm. Drag coefficiency is the lowest of any fire hose we have tested making it easier to pull during attack operations. Baseline friction loss coefficients used by todays fire fighters for calculating fire hose pressure loss were. For 1 34, our department figures the fl as follows per 100.
We use, for the most part, niedner xl 8000 or something. September 2003 slide 383 driveroperator 1b fl coefficients c factors refer to the third principle of friction loss the base of the friction loss equation. Key hose key factor friction loss calculator the hose. Each hose size is designed as an individual images that are intended to be downloaded and printed on standard 8 12 x11 paper. Friction loss in fire hose is governed by the following rules. Friction loss is determined by the gpm flowing, the size. Determination of fire hose friction loss characteristics. Friction loss lbs per square inch friction head feet v elocity feet per second gallons per minute high purity piping design data. When using a fire department pump we can also impart a lot. Kink resistance exceeds that of conventional jacketed hose. With this being said, you can test the hose in 50 or 100foot sections and divide the friction loss in half.
There is no set friction loss for any one size of hose. Just what you need to calculate the most precise friction loss for a wide range of key hose products. Pump operators should commit these five friction loss principles to memory. The importance of friction loss and flow testing fire. International fire service training association ifsta fire protection publications fire stream practices 7th edition these figures may vary depending on manufacturer and age of hose. View our chart to learn about theoretical friction loss in fire hoses. Hose the process of calculating friction loss in 2. Just remember though, those figures are based on double jacketed cotton hose with rubber liners. For example, if the flow in 100 feet of 3 hose is 300 gpm, then the friction loss is 9 psi per 100. Many of the synthetics with urethane liners can very in friction loss, but is lower than the above chart. Test is performed using a 2 12 double jacket big 10 x 25 long fire hose from the pump panel to the ground. Friction loss in water hose pounds per square inch per.
Fire hose friction loss t9 pressure loss in psi per 100 hose equal length. Dpo hydraulics refresher lake jackson volunteer fire. Industrial and municipal fire fighting master stream appliances municipal potable water transfer crash fire rescue all cold weather applications. Friction loss in fittings watts water technologies. There is no better way to reduce friction loss than to use snaptites ponn conquest. The driver operator needs to be able to calculate friction loss in fire hose in order to produce an effective fire stream.
Low friction loss for large flows in comparison to 2 12, 3, or 4 inch hose. Requires less space than standard double jacket or rubber hose. Fire hose friction loss t9 pressure loss in psi per 100 hose equal length siamesed lines. Driveroperator 1b cheat sheet journey to firefighter. Published friction loss characteristics may be overly conservative. This friction loss calculator is used to determine the friction loss on one or more 100 foot section of 4 inch fire hose. United states department of agriculture forest service. A proprietary reverse twill weave construction reduces friction loss, while ensuring the hose is lighter and easier to maneuver. Keylite liner material meets nsf national sanitation foundation standard 61. Siamese divide nozzle gpm by 2 never exceed pdp of 250 psi. As water courses through the hose, it experiences friction created by rough hose linings, couplings, gravitational forces, and turbulent flow. Wildland fire engine operators should understand friction loss fundamentals and be. The fire streams project team used a standard hose industry method to determine friction loss by using 200 of 1. Printable fire hose friction loss calculator we have created a friction loss calculator for the most common fire hose sizes between 34 and 6.
E fire logistics and math education student activity worksheet please complete this worksheet after the presentation. How to calculate and overcome friction loss fire rescue 1. Recommended pump discharge pressures for standpipe operations fire floor recommended pump discharge pressure 1 10 150 psi 11 20 200 psi. The right column is the friction loss fl, measured in psi for each 100 section fire hose.
Fire hose friction loss data for friction loss data in 100 feet 30m of fire hose, see the pdf for friction loss table. Conquest reduces friction loss by up to 50% as compared to other hose designs to deliver more water at standard operating pressure. Nozzle pressure to be called a fire stream, a hoseline needs to have a nozzle. C coefficient for hose diameter q quantity l length.
Hose friction loss charts the key to getting large amounts of water to the fire scene faster is to reduce friction loss. Friction loss in water hose pounds per square inch per 100 foot length straight smooth bore to convert psi to megapascals mpa multiply by 0. Driver operator manual chapter 3 fireground hydraulics. Loss of pressure created by the turbulence of water moving against the interior walls of fire hose or appliances. Friction loss in wildland hose lays usda forest service. The fire engine pump creates a mechanical energy force pressure measured in pounds per square inch psi to pump water. Dthe smoothness of the tube and the be easily extended by use of proportions, e. Measuring water flow for fire suppression fire apparatus. Nfpa 1002, standard on fire apparatus driveroperator professional qualifications indication. Originally designed over 40 years ago, supreme has become the host to which all others are. Every pump operators basic equation fire engineering. Friction loss is determined by the gpm flowing, the size of the hose and the length of the hose. While conservatism in fire protection is generally good, in this case it may lead to excessively high pump discharge. With our easy to read chart, you can easily see how mush pressure loss per 100 feet of hose occurs due to your choice of hose diameter and flow rate.
In the field, we calculate friction loss in 3 hose by using the q2 method, and. This chart shows the relationship between rate the pressure drop for 50 feet of hose length is half that of flow,i. Its engineered design, for 75 psi and higher nozzle applications, guarantees minimum weight with maximum durability and packability with minimal friction loss. These friction loss figures will vary accordingly with age and manufacturer of hose. Angle hose valves aluminum handwheel 212 65 mm approved 300 lb. The higher the gpm passing through a hose, the more turbulance and friction loss will result. This chart is designed using the friction loss formula to find quick and accurate answers for 3 fire hose friciton loss. Friction loss is the resulting resistance as water fluid moves along the inside wall of either a hose, pipe, or hose fittings. We have created a friction loss calculator for the most common fire hose sizes between 34 and 6. Net pump discharge pressure npdp is the end result of hoseline calculations. Typical friction loss reductions of over 50% compared to other hose designs deliver more water at standard operating pressure. Angle hose valves underwriters listed and factory mutual approved and new york city board of standards and appeals approved, ulc. The greatest reduction in friction loss in modern fire hose has been created both accidently and later intentionally by increasing the internal diameter of charged fire hose. The fire streams project team tested and purchased new hose key big 10 that has a 2025 psi friction loss per 50 and has the flow characteristics we were seeking.
The maximum efficient flow, also referred to as critical velocity, is the. Indepth firefighter training features and videos, structural firefighting tactics and strategy, fire news, and more. To find the friction loss for a 100 foot section of fire hose, find the column with the desired gpm and to its right youll see the corrosponding friction loss. Friction loss formulas and calculations fl c x q2ll september 2003 slide 382. Key hose keylite double jacket fire hose municipal hose.
We start with 400 forestry hose and drop 100 of hose each time, thereby showing steam improvements as we remove hose and friction loss. Fire hose for aggressive interior combat operations friction loss at 200 gpm is over 15% less than regular 4 hose. The following are the instructions for conducting flow tests to determine friction loss in fire hose. Friction loss tables list of printable friction loss tables for. A reading is simultaneously taken on both gauges to correctly determine the friction loss of the.